1. He aha nā flocculants, coagulants a me nā conditioners?
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana aʻe e like me nā hoʻohana like ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i ka sludge press filtration treatment:
Flocculant: i kapa ʻia he coagulant i kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai paʻa, hoʻohana ʻia i ka pahu sedimentation mua, tank sedimentation lua, pahu flotation a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Kokua coagulation: He kuleana ko nā flocculants kōkua e hoʻonui i ka hopena coagulation.
Conditioner: ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he mea hoʻoheheʻe wai, hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke koena o ka lepo ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana, a ʻo kona mau ʻano ʻano kekahi o nā flocculants a me nā coagulants i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
2. Flocculant
ʻO Flocculants kahi papa o nā mea hiki ke hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka paʻa o ka ua a me ka polymerization kūpaʻa o nā mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka wai, a hana i nā mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia e agglomerate a flocculate i nā aggregates no ka wehe ʻana.
Wahi a ka haku mele, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā flocculants i nā flocculants inorganic a me nā flocculants organik.
ʻO nā flocculant ʻole
ʻO nā flocculants inorganic kuʻuna he mau paʻakai alumini haʻahaʻa a me nā paʻakai hao.ʻO nā paʻakai alumini ka nui o ka alumini sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), nā paʻakai hao ka nui o ka ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate (FeCL3∙6H20). FeSO4∙6H20) a me ka ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, loaʻa nā flocculants inorganic i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea maka, ka hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka hopena mālama maʻalahi, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka mālama wai.
ʻO ka polymer flocculant inorganic
ʻO nā polymers hydroxyl a me ka oxygen-based o Al (III) a me Fe (III) e hui houʻia i loko o nā hōʻuluʻulu, e mālamaʻia i loko o ka wai wai ma lalo o kekahi mauʻano, aʻo ka nui o ka nui o lākou ma ka nanometer.Ka hopena o ka dosage kiʻekiʻe.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kā lākou hopena a me nā helu polymerization, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pane ʻana o ka polymer aluminika a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo ka polymer hydrolyzed o ka hao e hana wikiwiki a maʻalahi e nalowale ke kūpaʻa a me ka precipitates.
Hōʻike ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o nā flocculants polymer inorganic i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā flocculants kahiko e like me ka alumini sulfate a me ka ferric chloride, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā flocculants polymer organik.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka Polyaluminum chloride i nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau like ʻole o ka lako wai, ka wai ʻino ʻoihana a me ka wai hoʻoneʻe kūlanakauhale, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, ka mālama waena a me ka mālama holomua, a ua lilo i ka flocculant mainstream.Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka morphology, degere o ka polymerization a me ka hopena coagulation-flocculation e pili ana, aia nā flocculants polymer inorganic i kahi kūlana ma waena o nā flocculants paʻakai metala a me nā flocculants polymer organik.
Polyaluminum chloride, pac, msds policloruro de aluminio, cas no 1327 41 9, policloruro de aluminio, pac kemika no ka mālama wai, poly aluminum chloride, i kapa ʻia ʻo PAC, loaʻa ke ʻano kemika ALn(OH)mCL3n-m.ʻO ka PAC he multivalent electrolyte hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka colloidal charge o nā mea lepo e like me ka pālolo (nui nā kumu kūʻai ʻole) i ka wai.Ma muli o ka nui o ka molecular molecular a me ka ikaika adsorption, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā flocs i hana ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka flocculation a me ka sedimentation ma mua o nā flocculants ʻē aʻe.
He kiʻekiʻe ka polymerization ka poly aluminium chloride, a ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana hiki ke hoʻopōkole i ka manawa hoʻokumu floc.ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka poly aluminum chloride PAC i ka wela o ka wai, a hana maikaʻi ia i ka wā haʻahaʻa o ka wai.Hoʻemi ʻo ia i ka waiwai pH o ka wai liʻiliʻi, a ākea ka laulā pH pili (hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pae o ka pH = 5 ~ 9), no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka mea hana alkaline.He liʻiliʻi ka dosage o ka PAC, liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka lepo i hana ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hoʻokele a me ka hana, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka corrosive i nā lako a me nā pipeline.No laila, hiki i ka PAC ke hoʻololi mālie i ka sulfate aluminika ma ke kahua o ka mālama wai, a ʻo kona hemahema ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā flocculants maʻamau.
Eia hou, mai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonā kemika,PAC poli alumini kloridaʻO ia ka huahana waena kinetic o ka hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process o ka paʻakai aluminika, ʻo ia ka thermodynamically unstable.ʻO ka maʻamau, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana PAC wai i kahi manawa pōkole (ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā huahana paʻa)., hiki ke mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi).ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau paʻakai inorganic (e like me CaCl2, MnCl2, etc.) a i ʻole macromolecules (e like me ka polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, etc.) hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka PAC, a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻohui.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hana hana, hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā anion ʻokoʻa (e like me SO42-, PO43-, etc.) i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana hana o PAC, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka polymer a me ka puʻupuʻu morphological i kekahi ʻano e ka polymerization, no laila. hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻO ke kūpaʻa a me ka pono o ka PAC;inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana cationic ʻē aʻe, e like me Fe3+, i ka hana hana o PAC e hana i ka Al3+ a me Fe3+ staggered hydrolytically polymerized, hiki ke loaʻa ka hao polyaluminum flocculant composite.
ʻO ka polymer flocculant
ʻO ka nui o nā mea polypropylene a me nā mea polyethylene synthetic, e like me polyacrylamide a me polyethyleneimine.ʻO kēia mau flocculants he mau macromolecules linear hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻo kēlā me kēia macromolecule he mau ʻāpana hou i loaʻa nā hui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he polyelectrolytes.ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa nā pūʻulu i hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia he polyelectrolytes cationic, a ʻo nā mea i loaʻa i nā pūʻulu i hoʻopaʻi ʻole ʻia he polyelectrolytes anionic, ʻaʻole i loko o nā pūʻulu maikaʻi a i ʻole nā pūʻulu hoʻopiʻi ʻino, a ua kapa ʻia nā polyelectrolytes nonionic.
I kēia manawa, he anionic ka polymer flocculants i hoʻohana nui ʻia, a hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani wale i ke kōkua ʻana i ka coagulation o nā haumia colloidal i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka wai.ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā paʻakai alumini a me nā paʻakai hao.Hiki i nā cationic flocculants ke pāʻani i ka hana o ka coagulation a me ka flocculation i ka manawa like a hoʻohana wale ʻia, no laila ua ulu wikiwiki lākou.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka polyacrylamide non-ionic polymers i koʻu ʻāina, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka hao a me nā paʻakai alumini.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena neutralization uila o ka hao a me nā paʻakai alumini ma nā ʻāpana colloidal a me ka hana flocculation maikaʻi loa o nā polymer flocculants i hoʻohana ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi.Loaʻa i ka Polyacrylamide nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka wikiwiki coagulation wikiwiki, a me nā flocs nui a paʻakikī i ka hoʻohana.ʻO 80% o nā synthetic organic polymer flocculants i hana ʻia i kēia manawa ma koʻu ʻāina kēia huahana.
ʻO ka polyacrylamide flocculant
Polyacrylamide PAM, polyelectrolyte hoʻohana, polyelectrolyte cationic pauka, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia synthetic organic polymer flocculant, polyelectrolyte, a i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia he coagulant.ʻO ka mea hana maka o ka polyacrylamide he polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN.Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka acrylonitrile e hana i ka acrylamide, a laila hoʻokau ʻia ka acrylamide i ka polymerization hoʻokuʻu e loaʻa ai ka polyacrylamide.ʻO ka polyacrylamide kahi resin hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a ʻo nā huahana he granular solid a viscous aqueous solution me kahi kikoʻī.
ʻO ke ʻano maoli o ka polyacrylamide i loko o ka wai he coil random.No ka mea, loaʻa i ka coil random ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me kekahi mau pūʻulu amide ma luna o kona ʻili, hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a me ka hiki ʻana o ka adsorption, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ka nui.kekahi mana flocculation.
Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kaulahao lōʻihi o ka polyacrylamide i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu, he liʻiliʻi kona pae hoʻopili.Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu amide ʻelua, ua like ia me ka hoʻopau like ʻana o ka pilina a me ka nalowale ʻana o ʻelua mau wahi adsorption.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o nā pūʻulu amide i loko o ka hoʻolālā coil ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili a hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana haumia i loko o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō piha ʻia kona mana adsorption.
I mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā pūʻulu amide i hoʻopili hou ʻia a hōʻike i nā pūʻulu amide huna i waho, e hoʻāʻo nā kānaka e hoʻolōʻihi i ka coil maʻamau kūpono, a e hoʻāʻo hoʻi e hoʻohui i kekahi mau pūʻulu me nā cations a i ʻole nā anion i ke kaulahao molekala lōʻihi, ʻoiai e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka adsorption a hiki ke hoʻopili a me ka hopena o ka neutralization uila a me ke kaomi ʻana o ka papa pālua uila.Ma kēia ala, loaʻa kahi pūʻulu polyacrylamide flocculants a i ʻole coagulants me nā waiwai like ʻole ma ke kumu o PAM.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa coagulation o ka wai ʻino, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki i kahi flocculant hoʻokahi ke hoʻokō i kahi hopena coagulation maikaʻi, a pono pinepine e hoʻohui i kekahi mau mea kōkua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena coagulation.Kapa ʻia kēia mea kōkua he kōkua coagulation.ʻO nā coagulants maʻamau ka chlorine, lime, activated silicic acid, bone glue and sodium alginate, carbon activated a me nā pālolo like ʻole.
ʻAʻole pāʻani kekahi mau coagulants i ka coagulation, akā ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana coagulation, pāʻani lākou i ke kuleana o ke kōkua ʻana i nā flocculants e hana i nā hopena coagulation.Ke komo nei kekahi mau coagulants i ka hana ʻana i nā flocs, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā flocs, a hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā flocs maikaʻi a hemo i hana ʻia e nā flocculants inorganic i mau flocs coarse a paʻa.
4. Mea hoʻonanea
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe wai, i ʻelua ʻāpana: nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe inorganic a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe organik.ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa inorganic ka mea maʻamau no ka kānana ʻana a me ka kānana ʻana o ka pā a me ke kiʻi o ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūlohelohe kūpono no ka centrifugal dewatering a me ke kāʻei kānana dewatering o ka sludge.
5.ka pilina ma waenanā flocculants, coagulants, a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻeʻiaʻana o ka lepo,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka'ōpala, no laila ua like keʻano o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ke kaumaha o nā mea maloʻo maloʻo o ka ʻōpala.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Flocculants e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala a he mau mea koʻikoʻi i ke kahua o ka mālama wai.Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka flocculant e ka nui i hoʻohui ʻia i ka nui o ka wai e mālama ʻia.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano o ka lāʻau dehydrating agent (conditioning agent), flocculant, a me ke kōkua coagulation.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻokahi e like me ka flocculant i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he conditioner a i ʻole dewatering agent i ka mālama ʻana i ka sludge keu.
Kapa ʻia nā coagulants he coagulants ke hoʻohana ʻia lākou e like me nā flocculants ma ke kahua o ka mālama wai.ʻAʻole i kapa ʻia nā coagulants like i ka coagulants i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo nui, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he conditioners a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai.
I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahiʻāhuehue, no ka mea, ua kaupalena ʻia ka nui o nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka pilina piha ma waena o ka flocculant a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā keʻena hoʻohui a me ka manawa kūpono.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hui ʻana he ʻumi kekona i kekahi mau minuke, Pono ka pane ʻana mai 15 a 30 mau minuke.Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sludge, he mau ʻumi kekona wale nō ia mai ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka conditioner i ka sludge e komo ana i ka mīkini dewatering, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kaʻina hui wale nō e like me ka flocculant, ʻaʻohe manawa pane, a loaʻa ka ʻike. hōʻike pū ʻia e piʻi aʻe ka hopena conditional me ka noho ʻana.emi iho i ka manawa.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-09-2022