E ʻae mai iaʻu e hoʻolauna i ka SAP āu i makemake nui ai i kēia manawa! ʻO ka Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) kahi ʻano hou o nā mea polymer hana.Loaʻa iā ia kahi hana hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai he mau haneli a he mau kaukani manawa i ʻoi aku ka kaumaha ma mua o ia iho, a he hana hoʻopaʻa wai maikaʻi loa.I ka manawa e komo ai i ka wai a pehu i loko o kahi hydrogel, paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻoiai ke kaomi ʻia.No laila, he ākea ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, hana ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai, a me ka ʻenekinia kīwila.
ʻO ka resin super absorbent kahi ʻano macromolecules i loaʻa nā pūʻulu hydrophilic a me ke ʻano pili pili.Ua hana mua ʻia e Fanta a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke kālai ʻana i ka starch me ka polyacrylonitrile a laila saponifying.Wahi a nā mea maka, aia nā moʻo starch (grafted, carboxymethylated, etc.), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, etc.), synthetic polymer series (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene series, etc.) i kekahi mau ʻano. .Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka starch a me ka cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin he mau mea maikaʻi e like me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hana maʻalahi, ka hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika hoʻoheheʻe wai ikaika, a me ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka huahana.Ua lilo ia i wahi wela noiʻi i kēia manawa ma kēia kahua.
He aha ke kumu o kēia huahana?I kēia manawa, ʻo ka polyacrylic acid ka 80% o ka hana resin absorbent super o ka honua.ʻO ka resin super absorbent ka mea maʻamau he electrolyte polymer i loaʻa kahi pūʻulu hydrophilic a me kahi ʻano hoʻohui kea.Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, pili nā kaulahao polymer i kekahi i kekahi a hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia e hana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka paʻa holoʻokoʻa.Ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai, komo nā molekala wai i loko o ka resin ma o ka hana capillary a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hui ionized ma ke kaulahao i ka wai.Ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka electrostatic ma waena o nā ion like ma ke kaulahao, ke kikoo nei ke kaulahao polymer a pehu.Ma muli o ke koi ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa uila, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe i nā ion counter i waho o ka resin, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻike ion ma waena o ka hopena i loko a i waho o ka resin e hoʻohuli i ke kaomi osmotic.Ma lalo o ka hana o ka reverse osmosis pressure, komo hou ka wai i ka resin e hana i kahi hydrogel.I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻoihana cross-linked a me ka hoʻopaʻa hydrogen o ka resin ponoʻī e kaupalena i ka hoʻonui palena ʻole o ka gel.Ke loaʻa i ka wai ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi, e emi ana ka reverse osmotic pressure, a ma ka manawa like, ma muli o ka hopena pale o ka counter ion, e emi ana ke kaulahao polymer, e hopena i ka emi nui o ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka wai. ka resini.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka resin absorbent super ma 0.9% NaCl solution he 1/10 wale nō ia o ka wai deionized.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka wai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻelua mau ʻano o ka pilikia like.Lin Runxiong et al.Ua kūkākūkā ʻia lākou ma ka thermodynamics.Ma lalo o kahi mahana a me ke kaomi, hiki i ka resin absorbent super ke komo i ka wai me ka manawa, a komo ka wai i ka resin, e hōʻemi ana i ka enthalpy manuahi o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ke kaulike.Inā pakele ka wai mai ka resin, e hoʻonui ana i ka enthalpy manuahi, ʻaʻole kūpono ia i ka paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana.Hōʻike ka ʻike ʻokoʻa wela i ka 50% o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka resin absorbent super i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pūnaewele gel ma luna o 150°C.No laila, inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kaomi ma ka mahana maʻamau, ʻaʻole e pakele ka wai mai ka resin super absorbent, i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā waiwai thermodynamic o ka resin super absorbent.
I ka manawa aʻe, e haʻi i ke kumu kikoʻī o SAP.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-08-2021