E ʻae mai iaʻu e hoʻolauna i ka SAP āu e makemake nui nei i kēia manawa! ʻO ka Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) kahi ʻano hou o ka mea polymer hana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hana omo wai kiʻekiʻe e omo i ka wai i kekahi mau haneli a i kekahi mau tausani manawa kaumaha ma mua ona iho, a he hana paʻa wai maikaʻi loa. Ke omo ia i ka wai a pehu i loko o kahi hydrogel, he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻoiai inā ua kaomi ʻia. No laila, he ākea kona hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, ka hana ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai, a me ka ʻenekinia kīwila.
ʻO ka resin super absorbent kahi ʻano macromolecules e loaʻa ana nā hui hydrophilic a me ke ʻano cross-linked. Ua hana mua ʻia e Fanta a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke kāpili ʻana i ka starch me ka polyacrylonitrile a laila saponifying. Wahi a nā mea maka, aia nā moʻo starch (grafted, carboxymethylated, etc.), cellulose moʻo (carboxymethylated, grafted, etc.), synthetic polymer moʻo (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene moʻo, etc.) ma kekahi mau ʻano. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka starch a me ka cellulose, loaʻa i ka resin polyacrylic acid superabsorbent kahi moʻo o nā pono e like me ke kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa, ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe, ka mana omo wai ikaika, a me ke ola lōʻihi o ka huahana. Ua lilo ia i wahi noiʻi o kēia manawa ma kēia kahua.
He aha ke kumu o kēia huahana? I kēia manawa, ʻo ka polyacrylic acid ka 80% o ka hana ʻana o ka resin super absorbent o ka honua. ʻO ka resin super absorbent ma ke ʻano maʻamau he electrolyte polymer e loaʻa ana kahi hui hydrophilic a me kahi ʻano cross-linked. Ma mua o ka omo ʻana i ka wai, ua kokoke nā kaulahao polymer kekahi i kekahi a ua hoʻopili ʻia, ua cross-linked e hana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻopaʻa holoʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai, komo nā molekala wai i loko o ka resin ma o ka hana capillary a me ka diffusion, a ua ionized nā hui ionized ma ke kaulahao i loko o ka wai. Ma muli o ka electrostatic repulsion ma waena o nā ions like ma ke kaulahao, ua kīkoʻo a pehu ke kaulahao polymer. Ma muli o ke koi o ka neutrality uila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā counter ions ke neʻe i waho o ka resin, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ion ma waena o ka hopena i loko a ma waho o ka resin e hana i kahi kaomi osmotic hoʻohuli. Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kaomi osmosis hoʻohuli, komo hou ka wai i loko o ka resin e hana i kahi hydrogel. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke ʻano pūnaewele cross-linked a me ka hoʻopaʻa hydrogen o ka resin ponoʻī e kaupalena i ka hoʻonui palena ʻole o ka gel. Ke loaʻa ka wai i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakai, e emi iho ke kaomi osmotic hoʻohuli, a i ka manawa like, ma muli o ka hopena pale o ka ion counter, e emi ana ke kaulahao polymer, e hopena ana i ka emi nui ʻana o ka hiki ke omo wai o ka resin. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka hiki ke omo wai o ka resin super absorbent i loko o ka 0.9% NaCl solution he 1/10 wale nō o ka wai deionized. ʻO ka omo wai a me ka paʻa wai ʻelua mau ʻano o ka pilikia like. Ua kūkākūkā ʻo Lin Runxiong et al. iā lākou ma thermodynamics. Ma lalo o kekahi mahana a me ke kaomi, hiki i ka resin super absorbent ke omo i ka wai me ka manawa ʻole, a komo ka wai i loko o ka resin, e hōʻemi ana i ka enthalpy manuahi o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka equilibrium. Inā puka ka wai mai ka resin, e hoʻonui ana i ka enthalpy manuahi, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻōnaehana. Hōʻike ka loiloi thermal ʻokoʻa he 50% o ka wai i omo ʻia e ka resin super absorbent e hoʻopuni mau ʻia ana i loko o ka pūnaewele gel ma luna o 150°C. No laila, ʻoiai inā e kau ʻia ke kaomi ma ka mahana maʻamau, ʻaʻole e pakele ka wai mai ka resin super absorbent, i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā waiwai thermodynamic o ka resin super absorbent.
I ka manawa aʻe, e haʻi i ke kumu kikoʻī o SAP.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-08-2021