ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā microbial o ka wai ʻino, ʻo ia ke kau ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻano microbial kūpono i loko o ka wai ʻino, kahi e paipai ai i ka hoʻokumu wikiwiki ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana kaulike i loko o ke kino wai ponoʻī, kahi ʻaʻole wale nā mea hoʻopau, nā mea hana, a me nā mea kūʻai aku. Hiki ke mālama ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā mea haumia me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a no laila hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaulahao meaʻai he nui, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele meaʻai criss-crossing. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana kaulike ecological maikaʻi a paʻa inā mālama ʻia ka nui kūpono a me nā lakio ikehu ma waena o nā pae trophic. Ke komo kekahi nui o ka wai ʻino i loko o kēia ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole wale nā mea haumia organik i loko e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e nā bacteria a me nā fungi, akā ʻo nā huahana hope loa o kā lākou hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, kekahi mau hui inorganic, e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona, nā kumu nitrogen a me nā kumu phosphorus, a hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu lā ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu mua. , komo i ke kaʻina hana metabolic i loko o ka pūnaewele meaʻai, a neʻe mālie a hoʻololi mai ka pae trophic haʻahaʻa a i ka pae trophic kiʻekiʻe, a laila hoʻololi i nā mea kanu wai, iʻa, ʻōpae, mussels, geese, ducks a me nā huahana ola holomua ʻē aʻe, a ma o ka hana mau a ka poʻe e lawe a hoʻohui i nā hana e mālama ai i ke kaulike kaiaola piha o ke kino wai, e hoʻonui i ka nani a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāina wai, a hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka eutrophication o ke kino wai.
1. Ka mālama ʻana i nā microbial o ka wai ʻinoHoʻopau nui ia i nā mea haumia organik (BOD, COD substances) i ke kūlana colloidal a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau, a hiki i ka helu wehe ke piʻi aku ma mua o 90%, i hiki ai i nā mea haumia organik ke hoʻokō i ke kūlana hoʻokuʻu.
(1) ʻO ka BOD (koi oxygen biochemical), ʻo ia hoʻi "koi oxygen biochemical" a i ʻole "koi oxygen biological", he hōʻailona pololei ʻole ia o ka nui o nā mea olaola i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pili ia i kahi ʻāpana o nā mea olaola hiki ke hoʻopau maʻalahi ʻia i loko o 1L o ka wai ʻino a i ʻole ka hāpana wai e hoʻāʻo ʻia. Ke hoʻopau a hoʻopau nā microorganisms iā ia, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai i nā milligrams (ʻo ke ana he mg/L). ʻO nā kūlana ana o ka BOD i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma 20 °C no 5 mau lā a me nā pō, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hōʻailona BOD5.
(2) ʻO ke COD (ke koi ʻana i ka oxygen kemika) ʻo ia ke koi ʻana i ka oxygen kemika, he hōʻailona maʻalahi ʻole ia o ka nui o nā mea olaola i loko o ke kino wai. (ʻo ka ʻāpana he mg/L). ʻO nā mea hoʻomake kemika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo K2Cr2O7 a i ʻole KMnO4. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo K2Cr2O7, a ua hōʻike ʻia ke COD i ana ʻia e "COD Cr".
2. Ka mālama ʻana i nā microbial Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai ʻino i ka ʻōnaehana mālama aerobic a me ka ʻōnaehana mālama anaerobic e like me ke kūlana o ka oxygen i ke kaʻina hana mālama.
1. ʻŌnaehana lapaʻau aerobic
Ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic, hoʻopili nā microorganism i nā mea organik i ke kaiapuni, hoʻomake a hoʻokahe iā ia i nā mea inorganic, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai ʻino, a hana i nā mea cellular i ka manawa like. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai ʻino, aia nā microorganism ma ke ʻano o ka sludge i hoʻāla ʻia a me nā ʻāpana nui o ka biofilm.
He ʻano hana lapaʻau olaola kēia me ka biofilm ma ke ʻano he kino nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. ʻO ka Biofilm kahi membrane mucous i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o ka mea lawe a ua hana nui ʻia e nā micelles bacteria. ʻO ka hana o ka biofilm ua like ia me ka sludge i hoʻāla ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana sludge i hoʻāla ʻia, a ua like pū kona ʻano microbial. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai ʻino ka adsorption a me ka oxidative decomposition o nā mea olaola i loko o ka wai ʻino e ka biofilm i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o ka mea lawe. Wahi a nā ʻano pili like ʻole ma waena o ka medium a me ka wai, ʻo ke ʻano biofilm e komo pū ana me ke ʻano turntable olaola a me ke ʻano kānana olaola hale kiaʻi.
3. ʻŌnaehana lapaʻau anaerobic
Ma lalo o nā kūlana anoxic, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bacteria anaerobic (me nā bacteria anaerobic facultative) e hoʻopau i nā mea haumia organik i loko o ka wai ʻino ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he anaerobic digestion a i ʻole anaerobic fermentation. No ka mea, hana ka huahana fermentation i ka methane, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he methane fermentation. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻopau wale i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, akā hoʻomohala pū i ka bio-energy, no laila e nānā nui ka poʻe. He ʻōnaehana ola paʻakikī loa ka fermentation Anaerobic o ka wai ʻino, kahi e pili ana i nā ʻano hui bacteria like ʻole, e koi ana i nā substrates a me nā kūlana like ʻole, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana ola paʻakikī. Loaʻa i ka fermentation Methane ʻekolu mau pae: ke kahua liquefaction, ka hana hydrogen a me ke kahua hana acetic acid a me ke kahua hana methane.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino i ka mālama mua, ka lua a me ke kolu o ka mālama ʻana e like me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana.
Ka mālama mua: Hoʻopau nui ia i nā mea haumia paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mālama kino hiki ke hoʻopau wale i nā koi o ka mālama mua. Ma hope o ka mālama mua ʻana o ka wai ʻino, hiki ke wehe ʻia ka BOD ma kahi o 30%, ʻaʻole ia e kū i ke kūlana hoʻokuʻu. No ka mālama mua ʻana ka hana mua ʻana o ka mālama lua.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau mua: ʻo ka wai ʻino maka i hala ma o ka grid coarse e hāpai ʻia e ka pamu hāpai wai ʻino - i hala ma o ka grid a i ʻole ka sieve - a laila komo i loko o ke keʻena grit - ʻo ka wai ʻino i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke one a me ka wai e komo i loko o ka pahu sedimentation mua, ʻo ia ka mea i luna: Ka hana mua (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana kino). ʻO ka hana o ke keʻena grit ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana inorganic me kahi umekaumaha kikoʻī nui. ʻO nā keʻena grit i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he mau keʻena grit advection, nā keʻena grit aerated, nā keʻena grit Dole a me nā keʻena grit bell-type.
Ka lapaʻau lua: Hoʻopau nui ia i nā mea haumia colloidal a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik (BOD, COD substances) i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, a hiki i ka helu wehe ke piʻi aku ma mua o 90%, i hiki ai i nā mea haumia organik ke hoʻokō i ke kūlana hoʻokuʻu.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana lua: ʻo ka wai e kahe ana mai ka pahu sedimentation mua e komo i loko o nā lako hana olaola, me ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia a me ke ʻano biofilm, (ʻo ka reactor o ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia e komo pū ana me ka pahu aeration, ka ʻauwai oxidation, a pēlā aku. ʻO ke ʻano biofilm e komo pū ana me ka pahu kānana olaola, ka turntable olaola, ke ʻano oxidation pili olaola a me ka moena fluidized olaola), ʻo ka wai e kahe ana mai nā lako hana olaola e komo i loko o ka pahu sedimentation lua, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka effluent mai ka pahu sedimentation lua ma hope o ka disinfection a i ʻole e komo i ka mālama ʻekolu.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka hapakolu: ʻo ka hana nui me nā mea organik refractory, nā mea inorganic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus hiki ke alakaʻi
i ka eutrophication o ke kino wai. ʻO nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia e komo pū me ka denitrification biological a me ka wehe ʻana o ka phosphorus, ka coagulation sedimentation, ke ʻano one rate, ke ʻano adsorption kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, ke ʻano hoʻololi ion a me ke ʻano loiloi electroosmosis.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau ʻekolu penei: hoʻihoʻi ʻia kekahi hapa o ka lepo i loko o ka pahu sedimentation lua i ka pahu sedimentation mua a i ʻole nā lako lapaʻau olaola, a komo kekahi hapa o ka lepo i loko o ka pahu mānoanoa sludge, a laila komo i loko o ka pahu ʻeli sludge. Ma hope o ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wai a me nā lako hoʻomaloʻo, hoʻohana hope ʻia ka sludge.
Inā he mea kūʻai hou a he mea kūʻai kahiko paha, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou i ka hoʻolālā kūikawā o ka bacteria hoʻohaʻahaʻa ammonia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma Kina, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea hana bacteria aerobic a me ka pilina hilinaʻi, hoʻokipa mākou i nā mea kūʻai aku hou a me nā mea kahiko e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou ma ke kelepona paʻalima a i ʻole e hoʻouna i ka leka uila e nīnau mai iā mākou e hoʻokumu i nā hui ʻoihana lōʻihi a me ka holomua like.
Ka Hana Kemika Wai ʻŌpalaʻO ka China Bacteria Special Design, Bacteria Water Treatment Agent, ma ke ʻano he limahana i hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ʻia, hana hou a ikaika hoʻi, ua mālama mākou i nā mea āpau o ka noiʻi, hoʻolālā, hana ʻana, kūʻai aku a me ka hāʻawi ʻana. Ma ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou, ʻaʻole mākou e hahai wale akā alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana lole. Hoʻolohe pono mākou i ka manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku a hāʻawi i ke kamaʻilio koke. E ʻike koke ʻoe i ko mākou ʻike a me ka lawelawe akahele.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-11-2022