Ka Loiloi Piha o ka ʻenehana wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana antibiotic a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana lāʻau synthetic. ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ʻehā mau māhele: ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana antibiotic, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana lāʻau synthetic, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hana lāʻau lapaʻau patent Kina, ka wai holoi a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai mai nā kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau like ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ka wai hoʻoheheʻe e ka haku mele paʻakikī, ka nui o ka ʻike organik, ka ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe, ke kala hohonu, ka nui o ka paʻakai, ʻoiai nā waiwai biochemical maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻana. He wai hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻoihana ia e paʻakikī ke mālama. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau o koʻu ʻāina, ua lilo mālie ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻokahi o nā kumu haumia koʻikoʻi.

1. Ke ʻano hana o ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano hana mālama ʻana o ka wai hoʻomake lāʻau lapaʻau e like me: ka mālama kemika kino, ka mālama kemika, ka mālama biochemical a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano hana like ʻole, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano hana kona mau pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema.

Ka mālama kino a me ke kemika

Wahi a nā ʻano maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka physicochemical ma ke ʻano he hana ma mua a ma hope paha no ka mālama ʻana i ka biochemical. ʻO nā ʻano mālama kino a me nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa e komo pū me ka coagulation, air flotation, adsorption, ammonia stripping, electrolysis, ion exchange a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane.

hoʻopili ʻana

He ʻano hana mālama wai kēia ʻenehana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka home a ma waho. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mālama mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ka wai hoʻoneoneo lapaʻau, e like me ka alumini sulfate a me ka polyferric sulfate i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina. ʻO ke kī i ka mālama coagulation kūpono ʻo ia ke koho pololei a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā coagulants me ka hana maikaʻi loa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loli ke kuhikuhi hoʻomohala o nā coagulants mai nā polymers molekala haʻahaʻa a i nā polymers molekala kiʻekiʻe, a mai ka ʻāpana hoʻokahi a i ka hana composite [3]. Ua mālama ʻo Liu Minghua et al. [4] i ka COD, SS a me ke chromaticity o ka wai ʻōpala me ka pH o 6.5 a me kahi dosage flocculant o 300 mg/L me kahi flocculant composite kiʻekiʻe F-1. ʻO nā helu wehe he 69.7%, 96.4% a me 87.5%, kēlā me kēia.

lana ʻana o ka ea

ʻO ka lana ʻana o ka ea ma ke ʻano laulā e komo pū me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka lana ʻana o ka ea aeration, ka lana ʻana o ka ea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka lana ʻana o ka ea kemika, a me ka lana ʻana o ka ea electrolytic. Hoʻohana ka Hale Hana Lapaʻau ʻo Xinchang i ka mea hana lana ea CAF vortex e mālama mua i ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka awelika o ka wehe ʻana o COD ma kahi o 25% me nā kemika kūpono.

ʻano hoʻopili

ʻO nā mea hoʻohuihui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, lanahu i hoʻāla ʻia, waikawa humic, resin adsorption, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ka Hale Hana Lapaʻau ʻo Wuhan Jianmin i ka adsorption lehu lanahu - ke kaʻina hana mālama olaola aerobic lua e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua 41.1% ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD o ka mālama mua ʻana o ka adsorption, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka lakio BOD5/COD.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane

ʻO nā ʻenehana membrane e komo pū me ka osmosis hoʻohuli, nanofiltration a me nā membrane fiber e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea pono a hōʻemi i nā hoʻokuʻu organik holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻenehana he mau lako maʻalahi, hana maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe loli pae a me ka loli kemika, ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama ikehu. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Juanna et al. i nā membrane nanofiltration e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai hoʻoneoneo cinnamycin. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena inhibitory o lincomycin ma luna o nā microorganism i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka cinnamycin.

electrolysis

Loaʻa i ke ʻano hana nā pono o ka pono kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maʻalahi a me nā mea like, a maikaʻi ka hopena electrolytic decolorization. Ua hana ʻo Li Ying [8] i ka electrolytic pretreatment ma ka riboflavin supernatant, a ua hiki aku nā helu wehe o COD, SS a me chroma i 71%, 83% a me 67%, kēlā me kēia.

ka mālama ʻana i nā kemika

Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kemika, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i kekahi mau reagents e hoʻoulu ai i ka haumia lua o nā kino wai. No laila, pono e hana ʻia nā hana noiʻi hoʻokolohua pili ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano kemika e komo pū me ke ʻano hao-kalapona, ke ʻano redox kemika (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), ʻenehana oxidation hohonu, a pēlā aku.

ʻAno kalapona hao

Hōʻike ka hana ʻoihana e hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Fe-C ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua no ka wai hoʻokahe lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka biodegradability o ka effluent. Hoʻohana ʻo Lou Maoxing i ka hana hui pū ʻana o ka hao-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation e mālama i ka wai hoʻokahe o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka erythromycin a me ka ciprofloxacin. ʻO ka helu wehe COD ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka hao a me ke kalapona he 20%. %, a ua kūlike ka effluent hope loa me ke kūlana papa mua o ka ʻāina o "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).

Ka hana ʻana o ka reagent a Fenton

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka paʻakai ferrous a me H2O2 ua kapa ʻia ʻo Fenton's reagent, hiki ke hoʻopau pono i nā mea olaola refractory ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻenehana mālama wai kuʻuna. Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka mālamalama ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka reagent a Fenton, kahi i hoʻonui nui ai i ka hiki ke oxidation. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana iā TiO2 ma ke ʻano he catalyst a me ke kukui mercury haʻahaʻa 9W ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui, ua mālama ʻia ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau me ka reagent a Fenton, ʻo ka helu decolorization he 100%, ʻo ka helu wehe COD he 92.3%, a ua emi ka hui nitrobenzene mai 8.05mg/L. 0.41 mg/L.

ʻOkika

Hiki i ke ʻano hana ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability o ka wai hoʻoneoneo a loaʻa iā ia kahi helu wehe COD maikaʻi aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻekolu mau wai hoʻoneoneo antibiotic e like me Balcioglu i mālama ʻia e ka ozone oxidation. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ʻaʻole i hoʻonui wale ka ozonation o ka wai hoʻoneoneo i ka lakio BOD5/COD, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD ma mua o 75%.

ʻenehana oxidation

ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he ʻenehana oxidation holomua, lawe pū ia i nā hopena noiʻi hou loa o ke kukui hou, ka uila, ke kani, ka magnetism, nā mea a me nā ʻano like ʻē aʻe, me ka oxidation electrochemical, oxidation pulu, oxidation wai supercritical, oxidation photocatalytic a me ka degradation ultrasonic. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻenehana oxidation photocatalytic ultraviolet he mau pono o ka mea hou, ka pono kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻohe koho i ka wai hoʻoneʻe, a kūpono loa ia no ka degradation o nā hydrocarbons unsaturated. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana e like me nā kukuna ultraviolet, ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a me ke kaomi, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka mālama ʻana o ka ultrasonic i nā mea organik a pono i nā lako liʻiliʻi. Ma ke ʻano he ʻano hana hou, ua uku nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana. Xiao Guangquan et al. [13] ua hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻopili biological ultrasonic-aerobic e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana o Ultrasonic no 60 s a ʻo ka mana he 200 w, a ʻo ka huina o ka wehe ʻana o COD o ka wai hoʻoneʻe he 96%.

Lapaʻau biochemical

ʻO ka ʻenehana mālama biochemical kahi ʻenehana mālama wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana nui ʻia, me ke ʻano biological aerobic, ke ʻano biological anaerobic, a me ke ʻano aerobic-anaerobic i hui pū ʻia.

Lapaʻau olaola aerobic

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka wai hoʻomake lāʻau lapaʻau he wai hoʻomake organik kiʻekiʻe, pono pinepine ia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hopena waihona i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka biological aerobic. No laila, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai hoʻomake biochemically, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻu pololei a hiki i ke kūlana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka biochemical. No laila, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka aerobic. He kakaikahi nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa a pono ka mālama mua ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano mālama olaola aerobic i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia, ke ʻano aeration well hohonu, ke ʻano biodegradation adsorption (AB method), ke ʻano oxidation contact, ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia i ka batch (SBR method), ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia i ka circulating, a pēlā aku. (CASS method) a pēlā aku.

Ke ʻano hoʻoulu ʻana o ka lua hohonu

ʻO ka aeration lua hohonu kahi ʻōnaehana sludge i hoʻāla ʻia me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ke ʻano hana ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen, kahi papahele liʻiliʻi, hopena mālama maikaʻi, hoʻopukapuka haʻahaʻa, uku hana haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe sludge bulking a emi ka hana sludge. Eia kekahi, maikaʻi kona hopena insulation thermal, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mālama ʻana e nā kūlana aniau, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoilo ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Ma hope o ka mālama biochemical ʻana o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe organik kiʻekiʻe mai ka Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory e ka pahu aeration lua hohonu, ua hiki ka helu wehe COD i 92.7%. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pono o ka hana ʻana, he mea pono loa ia no ka hana ʻana aʻe. pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi.

ʻAno hana AB

ʻO ke ʻano hana AB he ʻano hana sludge i hoʻoulu ʻia me ka ukana kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o BOD5, COD, SS, phosphorus a me ka ammonia nitrogen e ke kaʻina hana AB ma mua o ke kaʻina hana sludge i hoʻoulu ʻia maʻamau. ʻO kona mau pono koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana A, ka ikaika o ka ukana anti-shock, a me ka hopena buffering nui ma ka waiwai pH a me nā mea ʻawahia. He kūpono loa ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino me ka nui o ka noʻonoʻo a me nā loli nui i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka wai. Hoʻohana ke ʻano hana o Yang Junshi et al. i ke ʻano hana biological hydrolysis acidification-AB e mālama i ka wai ʻino antibiotic, nona ke kahe hana pōkole, mālama ikehu, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai mālama ma mua o ke ʻano hana flocculation-biological kemika o ka wai ʻino like.

ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pilina olaola

Hoʻohui kēia ʻenehana i nā pono o ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia a me ke ʻano biofilm, a loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ukana nui, ka hana sludge haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa hopena ikaika, ka hana kaʻina hana paʻa a me ka hoʻokele maʻalahi. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā papahana i kahi ʻano hana ʻelua-paepae, e manaʻo ana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻano dominant ma nā pae like ʻole, e hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka hopena synergistic ma waena o nā heluna microbial like ʻole, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena biochemical a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu. I ka ʻenekinia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka digestion anaerobic a me ka acidification ma ke ʻano he ʻanuʻu pretreatment, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana oxidation contact e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ka Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory i ka hydrolysis acidification-ʻelua-paepae biological contact oxidation process e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau. Hōʻike nā hopena hana he paʻa ka hopena mālama a kūpono ka hui ʻana o ke kaʻina hana. Me ka oʻo mālie o ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahua noi.

ʻAno hana SBR

Loaʻa i ke ʻano hana SBR nā pono o ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka ukana haʻalulu, ka hana sludge kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe pono no ke kahe hope, ka hana maʻalahi, ka wāwae liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻopukapuka haʻahaʻa, ka hana paʻa, ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o ka substrate, a me ka denitrification maikaʻi a me ka wehe ʻana o ka phosphorus. . Ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ma ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai lāʻau lapaʻau e ke kaʻina hana SBR he mana nui ka manawa aeration i ka hopena mālama o ke kaʻina hana; ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana anoxic, ʻoi aku ka hoʻolālā hou ʻana o ka anaerobic a me ka aerobic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hopena mālama; hiki i ka mālama ʻana o ka SBR i ka PAC ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hopena wehe o ka ʻōnaehana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ke kaʻina hana i mea kūpono loa a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai lāʻau lapaʻau.

Lapaʻau Ola Anaerobic

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo organik kiʻekiʻe ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē e pili ana i ke ʻano anaerobic, akā kiʻekiʻe mau ka COD effluent ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ke ʻano anaerobic ʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana ma hope (e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka biological aerobic) ka mea maʻamau. I kēia manawa, pono nō e hoʻoikaika i ka Hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā reactors anaerobic kiʻekiʻe, a me ka noiʻi hohonu ʻana i nā kūlana hana. ʻO nā noi holomua loa i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, etc.

Kānāwai UASB

Loaʻa i ka reactor UASB nā pono o ka pono hoʻoheheʻe anaerobic kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi, ka manawa paʻa hydraulic pōkole, a ʻaʻohe pono no kahi mea hoʻihoʻi sludge kaʻawale. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka UASB i ka mālama ʻana i ke kanamycin, chlorin, VC, SD, glucose a me nā wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka SS e hōʻoia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu wehe COD ma luna o 85% a 90%. Hiki i ka helu wehe COD o ka moʻo ʻelua-paepae UASB ke piʻi ma mua o 90%.

Ke ʻano hana UBF

E kūʻai iā Wenning et al. Ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻohālikelike ma UASB a me UBF. Hōʻike nā hopena he mau ʻano maikaʻi ko UBF o ka hoʻoili nuipa a me ka hopena hoʻokaʻawale, nā ʻano biomass like ʻole a me nā ʻano olaola, ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa hana ikaika. Oxygen bioreactor.

ʻO ka hydrolysis a me ka acidification

Ua kapa ʻia ka pahu hydrolysis he Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) a he UASB i hoʻololi ʻia. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pahu anaerobic piha, loaʻa i ka pahu hydrolysis nā pono penei: ʻaʻohe pono no ke sila ʻana, ʻaʻohe hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻekolu-paepae, kahi e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻomaʻalahi i ka mālama ʻana; hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā macromolecules a me nā mea olaola biodegradable ʻole i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe i loko o nā mole liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mea olaola biodegradable maʻalahi i ka biodegradability o ka wai maka; wikiwiki ka hopena, liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka pahu, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻopukapuka kālā kūkulu hale, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka sludge. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis-aerobic i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana kahi hale hana biopharmaceutical i ke kaʻina hana oxidation hydrolytic acidification-ʻelua-paepae biological contact e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau. Paʻa ka hana a he mea kupaianaha ka hopena wehe ʻana i nā mea olaola. ʻO nā helu wehe o COD, BOD5 SS a me SS he 90.7%, 92.4% a me 87.6%, kēlā me kēia.

Kaʻina hana lapaʻau i hui pū ʻia me ka anaerobic-aerobic

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka aerobic a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka anaerobic wale nō ke hoʻokō i nā koi, ʻo nā kaʻina hana i hui pū ʻia e like me ka anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka hopena mālama ʻana o ka wai hoʻoneʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻenekinia ma muli o ka hana o ke ʻano hana hoʻokahi. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana kahi hale hana lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kaʻina hana anaerobic-aerobic e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka helu wehe BOD5 he 98%, ʻo ka helu wehe COD he 95%, a paʻa ka hopena mālama. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau synthetic kemika. Hōʻike nā hopena he kūpaʻa ikaika ka hopena o nā kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa i nā loli i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka wai hoʻoneʻe, a hiki i ka helu wehe COD ke hiki i 86% a 92%, he koho kaʻina hana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneʻe lāʻau lapaʻau. – Catalytic Oxidation – Contact Oxidation Process. Ke hiki ka COD o ka influent ma kahi o 12 000 mg/L, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka COD o ka effluent ma mua o 300 mg/L; ʻO ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD i loko o ka wai hoʻomake lāʻau lapaʻau biofilm-SBR hiki ke hōʻea i 87.5% ~ 98.31%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hopena mālama hoʻokahi o ke ʻano biofilm a me ke ʻano SBR.

Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana membrane, ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka noiʻi noi o ka bioreactor membrane (MBR) i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohui ʻo MBR i nā ʻano o ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane a me ka mālama olaola, a loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ukana nui, ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka hopena, ka wāwae liʻiliʻi, a me ka sludge koena liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana bioreactor membrane anaerobic e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo waikawa chloride lāʻau lapaʻau me COD o 25 000 mg/L. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD o ka ʻōnaehana ma luna o 90%. No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hiki o nā bacteria obligate e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea organik kikoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bioreactors membrane extractive e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana e loaʻa ana i ka 3,4-dichloroaniline. ʻO 2 h ka HRT, ua hiki ka nui o ka wehe ʻana i 99%, a ua loaʻa ka hopena mālama kūpono. ʻOiai ka pilikia haumia membrane, me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana membrane, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MBR ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau.

2. Ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau a me ke koho ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ʻole ai i ka hapa nui o nā wai hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana wale i ka mālama biochemical, no laila pono e hoʻokō mua ʻia ma mua o ka mālama biochemical. Ma ke ʻano laulā, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pahu hoʻoponopono e hoʻoponopono i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka waiwai pH, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano physicochemical a i ʻole kemika ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana mua e like me ke kūlana maoli e hōʻemi i ka SS, ka paʻakai a me kahi hapa o COD i loko o ka wai, e hōʻemi i nā mea pale olaola i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palaho ʻana o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama biochemical ma hope o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai hoʻokahe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia e nā kaʻina hana anaerobic a me aerobic e like me kona ʻano maikaʻi o ka wai. Inā kiʻekiʻe nā koi o ka effluent, pono e hoʻomau ʻia ke kaʻina hana aerobic ma hope o ke kaʻina hana aerobic. Pono ke koho ʻana o ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka wai hoʻokahe, ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana, ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i nā ʻoihana, a me ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokele waiwai i ka ʻenehana. ʻO ke ala hana holoʻokoʻa he kaʻina hana i hui pū ʻia o ka pretreatment-anaerobic-aerobic-(ma hope o ka mālama ʻana). Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana hui o ka hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration e mālama i ka wai hoʻokahe lāʻau lapaʻau piha i loaʻa ka insulin artificial.

3. Ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pono i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻolaha i ka hana maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka, ka helu hoʻōla piha o nā huahana waena a me nā huahana ʻaoʻao, a hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka haumia i ke kaʻina hana ma o ka hoʻololi ʻenehana. Ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o kekahi mau kaʻina hana hana lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa i ka wai hoʻoneoneo ka nui o nā mea hana hou. No ka mālama ʻana i ia wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka hana mua e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā mea a me ka hoʻohana piha. No ka wai hoʻoneoneo lāʻau lapaʻau me ka nui o ka paʻakai ammonium e like me 5% a 10%, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni holoi paʻa no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka crystallization e hoʻōla i ka (NH4)2SO4 a me NH4NO3 me kahi hapa nui o kahi 30%. E hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu a hoʻohana hou paha. He maopopo nā pono waiwai; hoʻohana kahi ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe e mālama i ka wai hoʻoneoneo hana me ka nui o ka formaldehyde. Ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea formaldehyde, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi reagent formalin a puhi ʻia paha ma ke ʻano he kumu wela paila. Ma o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka formaldehyde, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai, a hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka o ke kahua mālama i loko o 4 a 5 mau makahiki, e ʻike ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pono o ke kaiapuni a me nā pono waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka wai hoʻomake lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau, paʻakikī ke hana hou ʻana, he paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai. No laila, ʻo ka ʻenehana mālama wai hoʻomake piha a holomua ke kī e hoʻoponopono piha i ka pilikia wai hoʻomake.

4 Hopena

Ua nui nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano like ʻole o nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻokoʻa loa ka maikaʻi o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. No laila, ʻaʻohe ʻano mālama makua a hoʻokahi no ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ke ala hana e koho ai e pili ana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. ʻano. Wahi a nā ʻano o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, pono ka mālama mua ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, e wehe mua i nā mea haumia, a laila e hui pū me ka mālama biochemical. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea mālama wai hui waiwai a maikaʻi hoʻi he pilikia wikiwiki ia e hoʻoponopono ʻia.

Hale HanaKemika KinaʻO Anionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan， Chitosan Powder， drinking water treatment， water decoloring agent， dadmac， diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride， dicyandiamide， dcda， defoamer， antifoam， pac， poly aluminum chloride， polyaluminium， polyelectrolyte， pam， polyacrylamide， polydadmac， pdadmac， polyamine， ʻAʻole mākou e hāʻawi wale i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea nui ʻo kā mākou mea hoʻolako maikaʻi loa me ke kumukūʻai kūʻai ikaika.

Hale Hana ODM Kina PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Ke hana nei kā mākou hui ma ke kumumanaʻo hana o "ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pono, ka hana like ʻana, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kānaka, ka hana like ʻana me ka lanakila". Manaʻolana mākou e hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi pilina aloha me ka poʻe kālepa mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua.

Ua unuhi ʻia mai Baidu.