ʻO ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ka nui o ka wai ʻōpala hana antibiotic a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau synthetic.ʻO ka wai ʻōpala ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ka wai hoʻoheheʻe antibiotic, synthetic drug production wastewater, Chinese patent medicine production wastewater, wai holoi a me ka wai holoi holoi mai nā ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau.Hōʻike ʻia ka wai ʻōpala e ka haku mele paʻakikī, nā mea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe, ka waihoʻoluʻu hohonu, ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai biochemical maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.He wai ʻōpala ʻoihana paʻakikī ke mālama ʻia.Me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau o koʻu ʻāina, ua lilo mālie ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau i kekahi o nā kumu haumia koʻikoʻi.
1. ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino lāʻau
Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano lapaʻau o ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau e like me: ka mālama kino kino, ka lāʻau kemika, ka lāʻau biochemical a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano hana like ʻole, kēlā me kēia ʻano lapaʻau i kona pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema.
Lapaʻau kino a me kemika
Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau physicochemical ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana mua a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no ka mālama biochemical.ʻO nā ʻano hana lapaʻau kino a me nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka coagulation, ka lele ʻana o ka ea, adsorption, ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka amonia, ka electrolysis, ka hoʻololi ion a me ka wehe ʻana o ka membrane.
coagulation
ʻO kēia ʻenehana kahi ʻano hana hoʻōla wai i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka home a ma waho.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻino olakino, e like me ka alumini sulfate a me ka polyferric sulfate i ka wai lāʻau lapaʻau Kina.ʻO ke kī i ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation maikaʻi ke koho pololei a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā coagulants me ka hana maikaʻi loa.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā coagulants mai ka haʻahaʻa-molecular a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe-molecular polymers, a mai ka mea hoʻokahi a hiki i ka hana hoʻohuihui [3].Liu Minghua et al.[4] mālama i ka COD, SS a me ka chromaticity o ka wai ʻōpala me ka pH o 6.5 a me kahi ʻano flocculant o 300 mg/L me kahi flocculant F-1 kiʻekiʻe.ʻO 69.7%, 96.4% a me 87.5% ka nui o ka wehe ʻana.
lele ea
Hoʻokomo maʻamau ka lele ʻana o ka ea i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka lele ʻana o ka ea, ka lele ʻana o ka ea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka lele ʻana o ke ea kemika, a me ka lele ʻana o ka ea electrolytic.Hoʻohana ʻo Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory i ka CAF vortex air flotation device e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.ʻO ka awelika o ka wehe ʻana o COD ma kahi o 25% me nā kemika kūpono.
ʻano adsorption
Hoʻohana ʻia nā adsorbents maʻamau i ke kalapona, ka lanahu hoʻāla, ka humic acid, ka resin adsorption, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he 41.1% ka wehe ʻana o ka COD o ka adsorption pretreatment, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ratio BOD5/COD.
ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka membrane
Hoʻopili nā ʻenehana membrane i ka reverse osmosis, nanofiltration a me nā membrane fiber e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea pono a hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā organik holoʻokoʻa.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻenehana he mau mea hana maʻalahi, hana maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae a me ka hoʻololi kemika, ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.ʻO Juanna et al.ua hoʻohana i nā membrane nanofiltration e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻino cinnamycin.Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena pale o ka lincomycin i nā microorganism i ka wai ʻino, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka cinnamycin.
electrolysis
Loaʻa i ke ala ka maikaʻi o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maʻalahi a me nā mea like, a maikaʻi ka hopena decolorization electrolytic.Ua hana ʻo Li Ying [8] i ka electrolytic pretreatment ma ka riboflavin supernatant, a ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o COD, SS a me chroma i hiki i 71%, 83% a me 67%, kēlā me kēia.
lapaʻau kemika
Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kemika, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i kekahi mau reagents ke kumu o ka haumia lua o nā kino wai.No laila, pono e hana ʻia nā hana noiʻi hoʻokolohua kūpono ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana.Loaʻa nā ʻano hana kemika i ka hao-carbon method, chemical redox method (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), deep oxidation technology, etc.
Keʻano kalapona hao
Hōʻike ka hana ʻoihana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fe-C ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua no ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka biodegradability o ka effluent.Hoʻohana ʻo Lou Maoxing i ka iron-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation combined treatment e mālama i ka wai ʻino o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me erythromycin a me ciprofloxacin.ʻO ka helu hoʻoneʻe COD ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka hao a me ke kalapona he 20%.%.
ʻO ka hana hoʻoheheʻe a Fenton
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka paʻakai ferrous a me ka H2O2 ua kapa ʻia ʻo Fenton's reagent, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau pono i nā mea kūlohelohe refractory ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka ʻenehana lapaʻau wai maʻamau.Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kukui ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), etc.Ke hoʻohana nei i ka TiO2 ma ke ʻano he catalyst a me kahi kukui mercury haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 9W ma ke ʻano he kumu māmā, ua mālama ʻia ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau me Fenton's reagent, ʻo ka decolorization rate he 100%, ʻo ka COD removal rate he 92.3%, a ua emi ka hui nitrobenzene mai 8.05mg. /L.0.41 mg/L.
ʻOke ʻana
Hiki i ke ala ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability o ka wai ʻino a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana o COD.No ka laʻana, ua mālama ʻia ʻekolu wai ʻōpala e like me Balcioglu e ka ozone oxidation.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻaʻole i hoʻonui wale ka ozonation o ka wai ʻino i ka ratio BOD5/COD, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD ma luna o 75%.
ʻenehana oxidation
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻenehana oxidation kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui ia i nā hopena noiʻi hou loa o ke kukui hou, ka uila, ke kani, ka magnetism, nā mea a me nā ʻano like like, me ka electrochemical oxidation, wet oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation a me ultrasonic degradation.I waena o lākou, ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation ʻenehana i nā mea maikaʻi o ka mea hou, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻohe koho i ka wai ʻino, a kūpono loa ia no ka degradation o unsaturated hydrocarbons.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano lapaʻau e like me nā kukuna ultraviolet, ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a me ke kaomi, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka mālama ʻana i ka ultrasonic o nā mea organik a koi aku i nā mea liʻiliʻi.Ma ke ʻano he ʻano lapaʻau hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana.Xiao Guangquan et al.[13] hoʻohana i ka ultrasonic-aerobic biological contact method no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino lāʻau.Ua lawe ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kani ultrasonic no 60 s a ʻo ka mana he 200 w, a ʻo ka nui o ka COD removal rate o ka wai ʻino he 96%.
Lapaʻau biochemical
ʻO ka ʻenehana lapaʻau biochemical kahi ʻenehana lapaʻau lapaʻau lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana nui ʻia, me ke ʻano aerobic biological method, anaerobic biological method, a me aerobic-anaerobic combined method.
Lapaʻau ola kino aerobic
No ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau he wai ʻōpala organik kiʻekiʻe, pono pono e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hopena stock i ka wā o ka mālama ola aerobic.No laila, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai ʻōpala, a paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻu pololei i ka maʻamau ma hope o ka mālama biochemical.No laila, hoʻohana aerobic wale nō.He liʻiliʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa a koi ʻia ka mālama mua maʻamau.ʻO nā ʻano hana lapaʻau aerobic maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka sludge i hoʻāla ʻia, ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe hohonu hohonu, ke ʻano biodegradation adsorption (ʻano AB), ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe hoʻopili, ke ʻano o ka sludge i hoʻāla ʻia i ka batch (SBR method), circulating activated sludge method, etc.(CASS method) a pela aku.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka luawai hohonu
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka luawai hohonu kahi ʻōnaehana sludge hoʻōla kiʻekiʻe.He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen, ka papahele liʻiliʻi, ka hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe sludge bulking a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka sludge production.Eia kekahi, maikaʻi kona hopena insulation thermal, a ʻaʻole pili ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana climatic, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo wai hoʻoilo ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau.Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻōpala kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe mai ka Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory i mālama ʻia e ka luawai hohonu hohonu, ua hiki ka helu hoʻoneʻe COD i 92.7%.Hiki keʻikeʻia he kiʻekiʻe loa ka maikaʻi o ka hanaʻana, a he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka hana hou.pāʻani i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi.
ʻano AB
ʻO ke ʻano AB he ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o BOD5, COD, SS, phosphorus a me ammonia nitrogen e ka kaʻina AB ma mua o ke kaʻina hana maʻamau.ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi ka ukana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana A, ka ikaika anti-shock load hiki, a me ka hopena buffering nui i ka waiwai pH a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa.He kūpono loa ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai me ka neʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā loli nui i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka wai.ʻO ke ʻano o Yang Junshi et al.hoʻohana i ka hydrolysis acidification-AB biological method no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala antibiotic, he kaʻina hana pōkole, mālama i ka ikehu, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai lapaʻau ma mua o ke ʻano o ka flocculation-biological lāʻau lapaʻau like.
oxidation pili olaola
Hoʻohui kēia ʻenehana i nā pono o ke ʻano sludge i hoʻāla ʻia a me ke ʻano biofilm, a loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ukana kiʻekiʻe, ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa hopena ikaika, ka hana paʻa a me ka hoʻokele maʻalahi.Hoʻohana ka nui o nā papahana i kahi ʻano hana ʻelua, e manaʻo ana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea koʻikoʻi ma nā pae like ʻole, hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka hopena synergistic ma waena o nā heluna microbial like ʻole, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena biochemical a me ke kū kūʻē ʻana.I ka ʻenekinia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka anaerobic digestion a me ka acidification ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua, a hoʻohana ʻia kahi kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe hoʻopili e mālama i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.Hoʻohana ʻo Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory i ka hydrolysis acidification-ʻelua-pae biological contact oxidation kaʻina hana e mālama ai i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.Hōʻike nā hopena hana i ka paʻa o ka hopena lapaʻau a kūpono ke kaʻina hana.Me ka lohi o ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahua noi.
ʻano SBR
Loaʻa i ke ʻano SBR ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu ikaika, ka hana sludge kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻano maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe pono no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ka hana maʻalahi, ka wāwae liʻiliʻi, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hana paʻa, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka substrate removal rate, a me ka denitrification maikaʻi a me ka wehe ʻana i ka phosphorus..Ka wai ʻinoʻino.Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ma ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau e ke kaʻina SBR i ka mana o ka manawa aeration i ka hopena lapaʻau o ke kaʻina hana;ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻāpana anoxic, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka anaerobic a me ka aerobic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hopena lapaʻau;ka SBR hoʻonui i ka mālama ʻana i ka PAC Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hopena o ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.
Ka Lapaau Anaerobic
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala organik nui ma ka home a ma waho e hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke ʻano anaerobic, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka effluent COD ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ke ʻano anaerobic kaʻawale, a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana (e like me ka aerobic biological treatment). koi ʻia.I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā reactors anaerobic kiʻekiʻe, a me ka noiʻi hohonu e pili ana i nā kūlana hana.ʻO nā noi i kūleʻa loa i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala ʻo Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, etc.
Kanawai UASB
Loaʻa i ka UASB reactor nā mea maikaʻi o ka hana anaerobic digestion kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maʻalahi, ka manawa paʻa hydraulic pōkole, a ʻaʻohe pono no kahi mea hoʻihoʻi sludge kaʻawale.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UASB i ka mālama ʻana i ke kanamycin, chlorin, VC, SD, glucose a me nā wai ʻino hana lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻike SS e hōʻoia i ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD ma luna o 85% a 90%.Hiki ke piʻi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o COD o ka UASB ʻelua-pae ma mua o 90%.
UBF ala
E kūʻai iā Wenning et al.Ua mālama ʻia kahi hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike ma UASB a me UBF.Hōʻike nā hopena i loaʻa iā UBF nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻoili nui a me ka hopena hoʻokaʻawale, nā ʻano biomass a me nā ʻano mea olaola, kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana, a me ka paʻa o ka hana.Bioreactor oke.
Hydrolysis a me ka acidification
Kapa ʻia ka pahu wai hydrolysis he Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) a he UASB i hoʻololi ʻia.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pahu anaerobic piha, ʻo ka hydrolysis tank nā mea maikaʻi aʻe: ʻaʻohe pono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻohe hoʻouluulu, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻekolu, e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama;hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā macromolecules a me nā mea olaola non-biodegradable i loko o ka lepo i loko o nā molekala liʻiliʻi.ʻO ka maʻalahi biodegradable mea ola e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability o ka wai maka;wikiwiki ka pane, liʻiliʻi ka pahu pahu, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻopukapuka kūkulu ʻana, a hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka lepo.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kaʻina hydrolysis-aerobic i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka hale hana biopharmaceutical i ka hydrolytic acidification-ʻelua-pae biological contact oxidation process no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.Paʻa ka hana a kupaianaha ka hopena hoʻohemo ʻana i nā mea ola.ʻO nā helu hoʻoneʻe o COD, BOD5 SS a me SS he 90.7%, 92.4% a me 87.6%.
Anaerobic-aerobic hui kaʻina lapaʻau
No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka mālama aerobic a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa anaerobic wale nō ke hoʻokō i nā koi, nā kaʻina hana e like me ka anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability, ka hopena hopena, ke kumu kūʻai kālā a me ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻenekinia ma muli o ka hana o ke ʻano hana hoʻokahi.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka hale hana lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kaʻina anaerobic-aerobic e mālama i ka wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka BOD5 removal rate he 98%, ʻo ka COD removal rate he 95%, a paʻa ka hopena lapaʻau.Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala synthetic synthetic.Hōʻike nā hopena i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i ka hopena ikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka wai, a hiki i ka helu hoʻohemo COD ke hiki i 86% a 92%, ʻo ia kahi koho kaʻina hana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala.– Catalytic Oxidation – Hoʻokaʻaʻike kaʻina hana.I ka wā e pili ana ka COD o ka mea influent ma kahi o 12 000 mg / L, ʻo ka COD o ka effluent ma lalo o 300 mg / L;hiki i ka 87.5% ~ 98.31% ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena o ka biofilm a me ke ʻano SBR.
Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana membrane, ua hohonu hohonu ka noiʻi noiʻi o ka membrane bioreactor (MBR) i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau.Hoʻohui ʻo MBR i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane a me ka mālama olaola, a loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻouka leo kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa hopena ikaika, ka wāwae liʻiliʻi, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke koena sludge.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana bioreactor membrane anaerobic e mālama i ka wai ʻawaʻawa chloride pharmaceutical intermediate acid me COD o 25 000 mg/L.ʻO ka helu hoʻoneʻe COD o ka ʻōnaehana noho ma luna o 90%.No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hiki o ka bacteria obligate e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea kūlohelohe.Hoʻohana ʻia nā bioreactors membrane extractive e mālama i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana i loaʻa ka 3,4-dichloroaniline.ʻO ka HRT he 2 mau hola, ua hiki i ka 99% ka wehe ʻana, a ua loaʻa ka hopena lapaʻau kūpono.ʻOiai ka pilikia o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka membrane, me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana membrane, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MBR i ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau wai ʻino.
2. Ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau a me ke koho ʻana i ka wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka wai lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ʻole ai i ka hapa nui o ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i ka lāʻau biochemical wale nō, no laila pono e hana mua ʻia ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka biochemical.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pahu hoʻoponopono e hoʻoponopono i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka waiwai pH, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano physicochemical a i ʻole kemika e like me ke kaʻina hana mua e like me ke kūlana maoli e hōʻemi i ka SS, salinity a me kahi hapa o COD i loko o ka wai, hoʻemi. nā mea pale olaola i loko o ka wai ʻino, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka degradability o ka wai ʻino.e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa biochemical ma hope o ka wai ʻino.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai ʻino i hana mua ʻia e nā kaʻina anaerobic a me ka aerobic e like me kona ʻano o ka wai.Inā kiʻekiʻe nā koi effluent, pono e hoʻomau ʻia ke kaʻina hana aerobic ma hope o ke kaʻina hana aerobic.ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī pono e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka wai ʻino, ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana, a me ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana e hiki ai i ka ʻenehana a me ka waiwai.ʻO ke ala kaʻina holoʻokoʻa he kaʻina hui o ka pretreatment-anaerobic-aerobic-(post-treatment).Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration e mālama i ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau piha i loaʻa ka insulin artificial.
3. Ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pono i loko o ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau
Hoʻoikaika i ka hana maʻemaʻe i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka, ka helu hoʻihoʻi piha o nā huahana waena a me nā huahana, a hoʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka pollution i ke kaʻina hana ma o ka hoʻololi ʻenehana.Ma muli o ke ʻano o kekahi mau kaʻina hana lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa i ka wai ʻino ka nui o nā mea recyclable.No ka mālama ʻana i kēlā wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka hana mua e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mea a me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana.No ka pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater me ka ammonium paʻakai maʻiʻo a hiki i ka 5% a hiki i ka 10%, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kiʻi wiper paʻa no ka evaporation, ka noʻonoʻo a me ka crystallization e hoʻihoʻi (NH4) 2SO4 a me NH4NO3 me kahi hapa nui o kahi 30%.E hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he fertilizer a hoʻohana hou paha.Ua maopopo na pomaikai waiwai;Ke hoʻohana nei kahi hui lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe e mālama i ka wai ʻino hana me nā ʻano formaldehyde kiʻekiʻe loa.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kinoea formaldehyde, hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o ka formalin reagent a puhi ʻia paha ma ke ʻano he kumu wela o ka paila.Ma o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka formaldehyde, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, a hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ke kahua lapaʻau i loko o 4 a 5 mau makahiki, e ʻike ana i ka hui ʻana o nā pono kaiapuni a me nā pono waiwai.Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau, paʻakikī ke hana hou, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana hoʻihoʻi, a kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.No laila, ʻo ka ʻenehana lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa a maikaʻi ke kī e hoʻopau loa i ka pilikia wai.
4 Ka hopena
Ua nui nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino lāʻau lapaʻau.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o ka wai ʻino.No laila, ʻaʻohe ala lapaʻau oʻo a hui pū ʻia no ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau.ʻO ke ala kaʻina hana e koho ai ma muli o ka wai ʻino.ʻano ʻano.E like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai ʻōpala, koi ʻia ka pretreatment e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability o ka wai ʻino, e wehe mua i nā mea haumia, a laila hui pū me ka mālama biochemical.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai hoʻohuihui maikaʻi he pilikia koʻikoʻi e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
hale hanaKina KinaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, inu wai inu, wai decoloring agent, dadmac, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicyandiamide, dcda, defoamer, antifoam, pac, poly aluminum chloride, polyaluminium, polyelectrolyte, pam, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide. ， pdadmac， polyamine， ʻAʻole wale mākou e hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea nui i kā mākou mea hoʻolako nui me ke kumukūʻai kūʻai kūʻai.
ʻO ODM Factory China PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Ke hana nei kā mākou hui ma ke kumu hana o ka "hoʻokumu pono, hana ʻia, hana ʻia nā kānaka, lanakila-lanakila hui".Manaʻolana mākou hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi pilina aloha me ka mea kālepa mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua.
Wehe ʻia mai Baidu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-15-2022