Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻino ʻo Chitosan

I nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai maʻamau, ʻo nā flocculants i hoʻohana nui ʻia he paʻakai aluminika a me nā paʻakai hao, ʻo nā paʻakai alumini i koe i loko o ka wai i mālama ʻia e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka, a ʻo ke koena o nā paʻakai hao e hoʻopilikia i ke kala o ka wai, etc.; i ka hapanui I ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, paʻakikī ke lanakila i nā pilikia lua e like me ka nui o ka lepo a me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka lepo. No laila, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi huahana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole e hoʻohaumia i ka lua i ke kaiapuni e hoʻololi i ka paʻakai alumini a me nā flocculants paʻakai hao ka pono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hoʻomau i kēia lā. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā flocculants polymer maoli i waena o nā flocculants ma muli o ka nui o nā kumu waiwai maka, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ke koho maikaʻi, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, palekana a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, a me ka biodegradation piha. Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua puka mai ka nui o nā flocculants polymer kūlohelohe me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana ʻana, ma waena o ka starch, lignin, chitosan a me nā mea ʻai i kēia manawa.

KitosanWaiwai

ʻO Chitosan kahi amorphous keʻokeʻo, translucent flaky solid, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waikawa, ʻo ia ka huahana deacetylation o chitin. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka chitosan i ka chitosan i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai ka hui N-acetyl i chitin ma mua o 55%. ʻO Chitin ka mea nui o nā exoskeletons o nā holoholona a me nā iniseti, a ʻo ia ka lua o ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe maoli ma ka honua ma hope o ka cellulose. Ma ke ʻano he flocculant, he kūlohelohe ʻo chitosan, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a me ka degradable. Nui nā pūʻulu hydroxyl, nā pūʻulu amino a me kekahi mau pūʻulu N-acetylamino i māhele ʻia ma ke kaulahao macromolecular o chitosan, hiki ke hana i nā polyelectrolytes cationic me ka nui o ka hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe i nā hopena acidic, a hiki ke hana i nā hale like me ka pūnaewele ma o ka hydrogen bond a ionic. paa paa. ʻO nā molekole Cage, no laila e paʻakikī a wehe i nā ion metala kaumaha a ʻino. ʻO Chitosan a me kāna mau mea i loaʻa i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole wale i ka textile, ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala, ka pepa, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, ka ʻoihana kemika, ka biology a me ka mahiʻai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui nā waiwai noi, akā i ka mālama wai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. ma ke ʻano he adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane preparations, etc. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Chitosan e ka US Environmental Protection Agency ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe no ka wai inu ma muli o kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa i nā noi wai a me ka mālama wai.

Noi oKitosani loko o ka Waiwai

(1) Wehe i nā mea paʻa paʻa i loko o ke kino wai. I loko o ka wai maoli, lilo ia i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ka pālolo pālolo, etc. Ma ke ʻano he polymer cationic long-chain, hiki i ka chitosan ke pāʻani i nā hana ʻelua o ka neutralization uila a me ka coagulation a me ka adsorption a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, a he coagulation ikaika. hopena i nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka alum a me ka polyacrylamide ma ke ʻano he flocculants, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka chitosan. RAVID et al. ua aʻo i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka flocculation o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai kaolin hoʻokahi i ka wā o ka chitosan pH waiwai he 5-9, a ʻike ʻia ua pili nui ka flocculation i ka waiwai pH, a ʻo ka waiwai pH kūpono o ka wehe ʻana i ka turbidity he 7.0-7.5. ʻO 1mg / L flocculant, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o ka turbidity ma mua o 90%, a ʻo nā flocs i hana ʻia he coarse a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa sedimentation flocculation ma mua o 1h; akā, i ka emi ʻana a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka pH, e emi ana ka pono o ka flocculation, e hōʻike ana aia wale nō Ma kahi ākea pH haiki loa, hiki i ka chitosan ke hana i ka polymerization maikaʻi me nā ʻāpana kaolin. Ua ʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka bentonite flocculated me ka chitosan, ua ākea ka pae waiwai pH kūpono. No laila, i ka wai turbid loaʻa nā ʻāpana like me kaolin, pono e hoʻohui i kahi nui kūpono o ka bentonite ma ke ʻano he coagulant e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka polymerization okitosanma nā ʻāpana. Ma hope mai, ʻo RAVID et al. loaʻa kēlā

Inā he humus i loko o ka kaolin a i ʻole titanium dioxide suspension, maʻalahi ka flocculate a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka chitosan, no ka mea, pili ka humus i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana, a ua maʻalahi ka humus e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH. Ua hōʻike mau ʻo Chitosan i nā waiwai flocculation maikaʻi loa no nā kino wai kūlohelohe me nā ʻano turbidity a me ka alkalinity.

(2) Wehe i nā algae a me nā hua bacteria mai ke kino wai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka kekahi poʻe ma waho e aʻo i ka adsorption a me ka flocculation o chitosan ma nā ʻōnaehana colloid biological e like me ka algae a me ka bacteria. He hopena hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Chitosan i nā algae wai maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella a me blue-green algae. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina no ka limu wai hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana ma kahi pH o 7; no ka limu kai, emi ka pH. ʻO ke kumu kūpono o ka chitosan e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā algae i loko o ke kino wai. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ka algae, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka chitosan e pono e hoʻohui ʻia, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka chitosan e hoʻoulu i ka flocculation a me ka ua. ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Hiki i ka turbidity ke ana i ka wehe ʻana o nā limu. Ke 7, 5mg/L ka waiwai pHkitosanhiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka 90% o ka turbidity i loko o ka wai, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ka algae, ʻoi aku ka coarser o nā ʻāpana floc a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana sedimentation.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolohua microscopic ʻo nā algae i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka flocculation a me ka sedimentation i hui wale ʻia a pili pū, a aia nō i kahi kūlana paʻa. No ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ka chitosan i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻano i loko o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i mālama ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai, ʻaʻole like me nā flocculants synthetic no ka mālama wai. He mea paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka chitosan i ka bacteria. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka flocculation o Escherichia coli me ka chitosan, ʻike ʻia ʻo ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike pono ʻole ke kumu nui o ka ʻōnaehana flocculation, a hoʻopuka ʻo chitosan i nā paʻa hydrogen ma nā ʻōpala cell. ʻO kekahi haʻawina i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka pono o ka chitosan flocculation o E. coli e hilinaʻi ʻaʻole wale i ka chargeability o ka dielectric akā i kona ʻano hydraulic.

(3) Wehe i ke koena alumini a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai inu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paʻakai alumini a me nā flocculants polyaluminum i nā kaʻina hana mālama wai, akā hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā flocculants paʻakai alumini ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike alumini i ka wai inu. ʻO ke koena alumini i ka wai inu he pōʻino koʻikoʻi ia i ke olakino kanaka. ʻOiai ʻo ka chitosan ka pilikia o ke koena wai, no ka mea he aminopolysaccharide alkaline non-toxic maoli, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha ke koena i ke kino o ke kanaka, a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ke kaʻina hana ma hope. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chitosan a me nā flocculants inorganic e like me ka polyaluminum chloride hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻike o ke koena alumini. No laila, i ka inu ʻana i ka wai, loaʻa ka chitosan i nā pōmaikaʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i nā flocculants polymer synthetic synthetic.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chitosan i ka mālama wai ʻino

(1) Wehe i nā ion metala. ʻO ke kaulahao molekula okitosana he nui nā pūʻulu amino a me nā pūʻulu hydroxyl, no laila he hopena chelating i nā ion metala he nui, a hiki ke hoʻopili pono a hopu i nā ion metala kaumaha i loko o ka hopena. Ua hōʻike ʻo Catherine A. Eiden a me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i ka hiki ʻana o ka adsorption o chitosan iā Pb2+ a me Cr3+ (ma ka ʻāpana o chitosan) hiki i 0.2 mmol/g a me 0.25 mmol/g, a he ikaika adsorption. ʻO Zhang Tingʻan et al. hoʻohana i ka chitosan deacetylated e wehe i ke keleawe ma ka flocculation. Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka wā i 8.0 ka waiwai pH a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o nā ion keleawe i loko o ka wai ma mua o 100 mg / L, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ke keleawe ma luna o 99%; ʻO 400mg/L ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā iona keleawe i loko o ke koena wai e kū mau ana i ka maʻamau o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai ʻino. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe inā ʻo ka pH = 5.0 a me ka manawa adsorption he 2h, hiki i ka 72.25% ka neʻe ʻana o ka chitosan i Ni2+ i ka adsorption nickel plating wastewater.

(2) E mālama i ka wai ʻino me ka nui o ka protein e like me ka wai ʻai. I ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ʻino i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea paʻa paʻa. Aia ka mole chitosan i ka hui amide, ka hui amino a me ka hui hydroxyl. Me ka protonation o ka pūʻulu amino, hōʻike ia i ka hana o ka cationic polyelectrolyte, ʻaʻole wale ka hopena chelating ma nā metala kaumaha, akā hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi a hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka wai. Hiki i ka chitin a me ka chitosan ke hana i nā paʻakikī ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hydrogen me nā protein, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. Fang Zhimin et al. hoʻohana ʻiakitosan, alumini sulfate, ferric sulfate a me ka polypropylene phthalamide ma ke ʻano he flocculants e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka protein mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai kai. Hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka protein kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka transmittance māmā. No ka mea ʻaʻole ʻawaʻawa ʻo chitosan ponoʻī a ʻaʻohe pollution lua, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana hou i nā mea pono e like me ka protein a me ka starch i ka wai ʻino mai nā mea kanu meaʻai no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai e like me ka hānai holoholona.

(3) Lapaʻau ʻana i ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluu wai ʻino. ʻO ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino e pili ana i ka wai ʻino i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka pulupulu, ka hulu hipa, ka fiber kemika a me nā huahana textile ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, ke kala ʻana, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana. Loaʻa maʻamau i nā paʻakai, nā surfactants organik a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me nā mea paʻakikī, chroma nui a me COD kiʻekiʻe. , a hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o ka anti-oxidation a me ka anti-biodegradation, kahi mea ʻino loa i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Loaʻa ʻo Chitosan i nā pūʻulu amino a me nā pūʻulu hydroxyl, a he hopena adsorption ikaika i nā dyes, ʻo ia hoʻi: adsorption kino, adsorption chemical a me adsorption hoʻololi ion, ma o ka hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction, etc. hopena. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka molecular structure o chitosan ka nui o nā pūʻulu amino mua, ka mea i hana i kahi mea hana polymer chelating maikaʻi loa ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea paʻa, hiki ke agglutinate i nā wai i loko o ka wai ʻino, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻaʻole hana i ka pollution lua.

(4) No ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lepo. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu lapaʻau i ke kūlanakauhale i ka polyacrylamide cationic e mālama i ka ʻōpala. Ua hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana he hopena flocculation maikaʻi kēia mea hana a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻoheheʻe i ka ʻōpala, akā ʻo kona koena, ʻoi aku ka acrylamide monomer, he carcinogen ikaika. No laila, he hana koʻikoʻi loa ka ʻimi ʻana i kona pani. He mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Chitosan, e kōkua ana i ka hana ʻana i nā micelles bacteria sludge i hoʻāla ʻia, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu i ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me nā mea organik i loko o ka hopena, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻina hana sludge. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka polyaluminum chloride / chitosan composite flocculant ʻaʻole i ʻike wale ʻia ka hopena i ka sludge conditioning, akā ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi PAC a i ʻole chitosan, hiki i ke kūʻē kūʻokoʻa sludge i kahi haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka filtration rate. He wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conditioner; Eia kekahi, ʻekolu mau ʻano carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan a me O-carboxymethyl chitosan) i hoʻohana ʻia e like Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka flocculant i ka hana dewatering o ka sludge, a ua ʻike ʻia nā flocs i hana ʻia. ikaika a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka haki ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka flocculant ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lepo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā flocculant maʻamau.

Kitosana ua waiwai kona mau mea waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai, kūlohelohe, ʻona ʻole, degradable, a loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole i ka manawa like. ʻO lākou nā mea hana wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kāna mea maka, chitin, ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea hoʻohuihui kūlohelohe maoli ma ka honua. No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka chitosan i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i kahi manawa ulu. Ma ke ʻano he polymer kūlohelohe e hoʻohuli ai i ka ʻōpala i waiwai, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka chitosan i nā ʻāina he nui, akā ʻo ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana o ka home ke loaʻa nei kahi āpau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina holomua. Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka chitosan a me kāna mau derivatives, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chitosan i hoʻololi ʻia me nā waiwai synthesis maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai noi. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻenehana noiʻi o chitosan i ka mālama wai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana kūlohelohe o nā derivatives chitosan me kahi ākea ākea ākea e loaʻa i ka waiwai mākeke a me nā manaʻo noi.

ʻO Quitosano, mea hana chitosan, mua chitosan, soluble chitosan, hoʻohana chitosan, kumu kūʻai o ka chitosan, mahiʻai chitosan, kumu kūʻai chitosan i hoʻokahi kg, chitin chitosan, quitosano comprar, huahana mahiʻai chitosan, kumu kūʻai pauka chitosan, hoʻohui chitosan, chitosan no ka mālama wai ʻino, chitosan oligosaccharide ， ʻO ka chitosan hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ka chitosan a me ka chitosan, ke kumu kūʻai o ka chitosan i pakistan, ka antimicrobial o ka chitosan, ka ʻokoʻa o ka chitosan chitosan, ke kumu kūʻai o ka pauka chitosan, ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka chitosan, ka solubility o ka chitosan i ka ethanol, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka philippines, ka chitosan thailand, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka chitosan i ka mahiʻai, ke kumu kūʻai o chitosan i kēlā me kēia. kg ， nā pōmaikaʻi o ka chitosan ， ka solvent chitosan ， viscosity chitosan ， nā papa chitosan ， ke kumu kūʻai o ka chitosan ， ka pauka Chitosan ， ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai chitosan ， Soluble Chitosan ， chitosan chitosan ， nā noi chitosan, Chitin, Aloha mākou iā ʻoe e kipa i kā mākou hui & hale hana a me kā mākou lumi hōʻike. nā huahana like ʻole a me nā hoʻonā e hoʻokō i kāu mau manaʻo. I kēia manawa, kūpono ke kipa i kā mākou pūnaewele. E ho'āʻo kā mākou mau limahana kūʻai i kā lākou mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻolako iā ʻoe i nā lawelawe maikaʻi loa. Inā makemake ʻoe i ka ʻike hou aku, mai kānalua ʻoekāhea iā mā˚ouma o ka leka uila, fax a kelepona paha.